Four-dimensional space? It is very simple! Or "the Theory of Spaces".
© Любарь Владимир Яковлевич
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The appendix 1
Addition of speeds.
If two ships fly towards to each other or to the different parties (concerning the Earth or the observer) with speeds V1 = 200 thousand in km/s and V2 = 200 thousand in km/s their general (mutual), speed will be expressed by the formula for V3 (addition of speeds). That is, if to rise on a reference point of one of the rockets, for example the first the picture will be such:
- It costs on a place, the Earth comes
nearer to it with speed of 200 thousand in km/s
- Other rocket comes nearer to it with a speed … (now we shall count up).
The most evident representation turns out if to consider this question from the point of view of the televiewer, looking a body translation from both objects.
What the Earth will see the image, at a body of translation from a rocket which goes on it with speed of 200 thousand in km/s.? The Earth will see his accelerated in Kd time [1] .
we
substitute: Ö
((299,792458 + 200)/(299,792458 – 200)) =
Ö
(499,792458 / 99,792458) = 2,23792737712944248033101164271342.
And the second rocket will see Terrestrial a body the image in
2,23792737712944248033101164271342 times accelerated, since between them speed
too 200 thousand in km/s. Means, the second rocket will see the first in
2,23792737712944248033101164271342 * 2,23792737712944248033101164271342 =
5,00831894530546586997586531038247 times accelerated.
Therefore Kd between rockets will be - Kd (K0 ¸ K1) to increase on Kd (V0 ¸ V2)
To combine speeds, it is necessary Kd with object, to increase on Kd the second object with the third then we shall receive Kd (V1 ¸ V3)
In our example: Kd (V1 ¸ V3) = Kd (V0 ¸ V1) * Kd (V0 ¸ V2) = 5,00831894530546586997586531038247
From formula Kd we calculate speed: V = ((Kd2 – 1)/(Kd2 + 1)) *C
V3 = ((25,0832586579056540323953752512338 – 1)/(25,0832586579056540323953752512338 + 1)) * 299,792458 = 276,805111063643564796742822907365 thousand in km/s.
And when rockets will fly by each other, speeds between them and the Ground will stay former and Kd accordingly, and each other on the TV will see itself in as much time in a slowed-up way, according to these factors - Kd.
If are known Kd between the observer and the first object, and between the observer and the second object the greater shares on smaller, this most we learn Kd between the first and the second, and on it we shall define speed between them in system of the first (or the second).
My explanation of addition of speeds completely coincides with Einstein's formulas of addition - subtraction of speeds:
V3 = (V1 + V2)/(1 + (V1* V2)/C2) or so: V3 = C2 *( V1 + V2)/( C2 + V1* V2) - addition of speeds.
V3 = (V2 – V1)/(1 – (V1* V2)/C2) or so : V3 = C2*( V1 – V2)/( C2 – V1* V2) - subtraction of speeds.
Where:
V1 – speed of the first object in system of the observer.
V2 – speed of the second object in system V1
V3 – speed of the second object in system of the observer.
We check for V1 = 200 V2 = 200 (in one thousand km/s.)
V3 = (200 + 200)/(1 + (200*200/299,7924582) = 400/(1 + 40000/89875,517873681764) = 400/(1 + 0,445060022421447372869635985939204) = 400/1,4450600224214473728696359859392 = 276,805111063643564796742822907365 thousand in km/s.
In To the chapter - 8 this work practical acknowledgement (confirmation) of full conformity of formula Kd is shown.
Let's decide problems (tasks):
For the first variant (addition of speeds): (in one thousand km/s.)
V3 = 200 + 200 = 276,805111063643564796742822907365
To be dispersed from speed a zero up to 200, as much, how many and from 200 up to 276,805111063643564796742822907365 (and energy it will be spent as much)
Range of change of speed the same (200), and the further dispersal similar:
V1 = 276,805111063643564796742822907365 V2=200;
V3 = 276,805111063643564796742822907365 + 200 = 295,057333754764957000678687844567
V3 = 295,057333754764957000678687844567 + 200 = 298,840992451745453694519903346968
V3 = 298,840992451745453694519903346968 + 200 = 299,602239389441111963018984171545
V3 = 299,602239389441111963018984171545 + 276,805111063643564796742822907365 = 299,784872200567363944546414389614
, Etc. indefinitely.
V1 = *** [2]; V2 = 299,792458; (any object with a radio wave)
V3 = V1 + V2 =299,792458
For the second variant (subtraction of speeds): (in one thousand km/s.)
V3 = 295,057333754764957000678687844567 – 200 = 276,805111063643564796742822907365
V3 = 276,805111063643564796742822907365 – 200 = 200
V3 = 299,784872200567363944546414389614 – 276,805111063643564796742822907365 = 299,602239389441111963018984171545
V1 = ***; V2 =299,792458 (any object with a radio wave)
V3 = V2 - V1 = 299,792458
Einstein has deduced the formula of addition of speeds, but probably and itself up to the end has not understood sense of her, therefore has gone on a false way - increases in weight to justify reduction of acceleration. And where you see reduction of acceleration? Unless speed does not increase linearly, concerning new system of readout? The reference point (system) all time varies, to be exact speaking transition in other equal in rights spaces.
And the sense of
addition of speeds consists in the following:
What is the speed?
This distance divided for a while!
Well and if time – concept relative?
That is, if the particle has flown by 299 thousand
km in our second, and
whether second at a particle has passed?
Who be, thought of it???
Means, for a particle speed at it will be
millions our kilometers in its second! (Chapter
9)
For it our
space is as though compressed in
1/
Ö
(1 – V2/C2) time, and on the
contrary.
To you and addition of speeds!
Means, that at dispersal of a particle in the accelerator, acceleration of her does not fall at all, and the weight does not increase. For example: we have dispersed a particle till speed of 200 thousand in km/s, having spent energy – N, and at the further dispersal, having spent as much energy – N, its speed will increase for 200 thousand in km/s. And 200 thousand in km/s + 200 thousand in km/s, will be 276,805 thousand in km/s.
Also the particle will give corresponding quantity of energy
at its braking. We shall brake, for example, a particle since speed of 276,805
thousand in km/s till speed of 200 thousand in km/s, thus will seem, that speed
of her has fallen to 76,805 thousand in km/s, but energy she has given so many
that the impression of the increased weight is created. Actually speed of her
has fallen to 200 thousand in km/s, at former weight (276,805 thousand in km/s -
200 thousand in km/s = 200 thousand in km/s).
And speed of 300 thousand in km/s (about it)
is not speed, and horizon of the observable phenomena (horizon of events)
because time goes so, and is not faster. And if time went, not having dimension
then it would not go at all, and anything would not be.
300 thousand in km. three coordinates are equal 1 sec. the fourth measurement of
any space. And to speak: «to fly faster light», all this is equal what to speak:
to fly faster time.
As and in my example above mentioned when two rockets leave from the Earth
in opposite directions with speeds of 200 thousand in km/s everyone. Any speed
can be accepted for a zero then from the point of view of any of cosmonauts the
picture will be such:
- It costs (stands) on a place, the Earth from him leaves with speed of 200
thousand in km/s
- Other rocket leaves in the same direction with speed of 276,805 thousand in
km/s.
And to be dispersed it is possible, basically, for each of still more so much,
and still though hundred times on so much, and
observable speed will not surpass a rod –
299792,458 km/s (I here do not examine those problems). That is everyone sees
"speed" from the bell tower, which is simply limited to horizon of events.
With growth of speed keeps away from us and the horizon of light
speed, to be exact it costs on a place, on one distance:
Indefinitely big speed "limited" to horizon of events!
With dispersal the previous spaces for us "are turned off", and new are developed also any speed – there is a zero in that space. Virtual «our ether» goes together with us.
Speed of light is as horizon. How many you go, and it costs on a place.
For example: the automobile, apparently, that it already near horizon leaves from you. But to it up to horizon as much, how many and to the observer. If two automobiles, and between them distance same, as well as from you up to last automobile to you will seem, that they beside and both at horizon leave. To last automobile will seem: the first at horizon, and the observer behind at horizon. Last automobile and the observer at horizon behind, and among themselves they beside will seem to the forward automobile, that, and ahead horizon as is far.
Too most concerns and to speeds. How many you were dispersed, you, concerning light, cost on a place.
What is the constancy of speed of light. Concept – «at light speeds», inherently wrong, and it confuses and puts a science on a wrong way. I would enter concept – «at horizon speeds» so will be more correct.
Speed of light is impossible to compare to mechanical movement, it, as a matter of fact, indefinitely big speed.
And if in examples the cosmonaut has
reached other planet for smaller time, than has passed on the Earth it does not
mean at all, that time at him went in a slowed-up way or as speak – it was in
"frost".
The cosmonaut has arrived (flied) on other planet through other space where
has passed time less.
And when the person speaks about
delay of time it means that at him strong in a head the virus
абсолюта
sits, i.e. means that
within the framework of one,
absolute time, there is other
time, and means delay of processes in uniform time.
Time everywhere goes equally, all spaces are equal in rights!
The system of readout and concept of a
simultaneity varies, i.e.
spaces vary.
Paradoxes within the framework of one
space are not solved!
Who asserts (approves), that with growth of speed
acceleration falls, justifying it increase in weight, that contradicts
the theory of a relativity, with all consequences following from here, and
assert:
- there is a standing ether
- absolute space
- speed concept absolute
- speed of light is constant only in standing, absolute space, in other cases is relative, and there is an opportunity of approach her
- in experiences Makelson`s search for any mistakes, or explain their fables
- on the big speeds the relativity comes to an end, and the absoluteness of speeds inures
- other absurd which are not joined to the validity.
At such point of view, the theory of a relativity falls as a house of cards, and the quantity of incidents grows in a square.
Within the framework of one space, paradoxes and incidents are insoluble, and the further promotion of a science is impossible!
And in my theory speak:
- constancy of speed of light
- relativity of time
- full equality of all systems of readout
- full symmetry Dopler's effect
- any speed without restrictions and its relativity literally this word
- four-dimensional space, without any ether (filler)
- gravitation (and without any waves)
- the universe, without any compression, the big explosion and black holes [3]
- energy of the fourth measurement (that now think эфиристы – energy from «material mythical filler spaces – an ether»)
- forces in emptiness speak only the fourth measurement (the fourth measurement is not a static’s, and dynamics)
- and many other things
WHETHER THERE IS A THEME FOR REFLECTION?
Эфиристы - people which trust in existence of an ether – a certain substance where speed concept absolute. Einstein has refused an ether – as from a material substance, the ether is only extent, and it is more than anything. But till now people do not want to reconcile to it as cannot understand the forces working through emptiness. And many people till now неймётся so it would be desirable to return to an ether, to habitual concepts about speed, about force which operates through what that stringsс, corpuscles and other soliton`s. They cannot leave from medieval primitive. The primitive outlook they render negative influence on young minds, than render enormous harm in the further development of a science. Till now search for this mythical ether, trying to measure speed of movement of the Earth in it, and cannot find in any way.
And a constancy of speed of light explain impossibility to
measure speed of light in one direction???
What this strange ether – it is, but it as it is
impossible to find out!
I can prompt how to measure speed of light in one direction:
We
take the receiver with the device, let it will be the receiver with an
oscillograph. On distance – 600 km. We put a retransmitted, and
in the middle the transmitter of
a single pulse (300 km. To the receiver, and 300 km. To a reflector). Speed of
light we shall take equally 300000 km/s.
The transmitter modulates a sharp single pulse.
On an oscillograph the direct pulse, and then the pulse which has come from a
retransmitted is fixed all over again.
Question:
What interval of time between these
pulses?
Variant the first:
the ether is absent or it is based, the interval between pulses will make -
2000 mcs.
Variant of the second: speed of
the Earth on air we shall take - 300 km/s.,
the interval between pulses will make - 2002 mcs.
Assumed (Prospective) эфиристами
speed of movement of the Earth on air – 350 – 600 km/s. If Doplers`s
measuring instruments react to speed – 10 - 1 km/hour really it is not
appreciable, there will be such enormous speed?
Kd = Ö ((C + V)/(C – V))
At speed 600 km/s.
Kd = | = 1,0020033913556316822171111322837 |
I result more many examples still.
What ether эфиристами when to not find!
Is not present what absolute System of Readout!
It proves to be true, at least, symmetry Kd Chapter 8 and Chapter 9
"it is bad to search for a black cat in a dark room, it is especial when she there is not present".
Well, we admit, what the ether is fond of the Ground, up to what radius?
And between stars in fact there is no hobby? Then radio winds, cyclones would blow, and it would be appreciable. One stars would be observed with a reddish spectrum, in other part of the sky – with blue. The next night the picture would change, and the arrangement of stars would vary, as under a lens all would be deformed. The ether such rigidity on millions light years, that it not has moved cannot in fact possess? Well, and if possesses, will not be fond of the Ground.
Still more many any interesting questions are possible to set эфиристам on which they as a rule keep silent, or assert absurd which does not correspond to the validity, and thus contradict to itself.
Ljubar V.J. The appendix 1 « the Theory of Spaces », a part - 1, October, 2001.
|
Extreme corrections and additions 12 October 2005.
[1] Kd – Effect Dopler`s for light (factor)
[2] At any speed.
[3] Black holes – in such primitive understanding, as now.